Imbali yoMfanekiso weNkululeko eNew York, eMelika

Ukuhlaziywa Dec 09, 2023 | IVisa yaseMelika kwi-Intanethi

Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo weNkululeko okanye weNkululeko Ukhanyisela iHlabathi umi kumbindi weNew York kwisiqithi esibizwa ngokuba yiLiberty Island.

Ukukhumbula ubungangamsha beSitatimende seNkululeko, isiqithi esasikho Ngaphambili, iSiqithi saseBedloe sathiywa ngokuba yiLiberty Island. Ukuthiywa ngokutsha kwenziwa ngo-1956 ngesenzo esawiswa yi-United States Congress. Ngeyakhe isibhengezo sikamongameli 2250, UMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt ubhengeze iSiqithi njengenxalenye yeSitatimende seLiberty National monument. Ngelixa sisazi iSitatimende seNkululeko ixesha elide kakhulu, kusekho iinyani ezinomdla kakhulu nezimangalisayo ezingekaziwa uninzi lwethu.

Ukuqonda iSitatimende seNkululeko ngcono, funda inqaku eligcinwe ngononophelo ligcina iinyani malunga nesikhumbuzo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwakho kunanini na ngaphambili ukuze kwixesha elizayo undwendwela eNew York kwaye kwenzeke ukuba uye eLiberty Island ungawela. -jonga ngokuqonda kwakho into enkulu ngamehlo akho kwaye ubhideke malunga nomzobo ophambi kwakho. Kule ngcaciso ingezantsi, sizame ukubandakanya yonke iminithi iinkcukacha ezichaphazela iSitatimende seNkululeko.

Imbali yoMfanekiso weNkululeko

Isikhumbuzo esiqatywe ngobhedu yayisisipho kubahlali baseUnited States esivela kubantu baseFransi. Uyilo lwaqulunqwa ngumdwebi waseFransi uFrédéric Auguste Bartholdi kwaye umphandle wentsimbi wawuqingqwe ngumdwebi uGustave Eiffel. Lo mfanekiso wawukhumbula ukuhlangana kwezizwe ezimbini ngo-Okthobha wama-28, 1886.

Emva kokuba umfanekiso oqingqiweyo unikwe i-United States, waba ngumqondiso wenkululeko kunye nokulingana hayi e-United States kuphela kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. I-Statue of Liberty yaqala ukuchazwa njengophawu olwamkela abafuduki, ababaleki abafika behamba ngeelwandle kwaye ngenye indlela.. Umbono wokusasaza uxolo ngomfanekiso womfazi obambe itotshi waqalwa nguBartholdi owaphefumlelwa kakhulu ngunjingalwazi wezomthetho waseFransi kunye nezopolitiko, u-Édouard René de Laboulaye, owathi waphawula kwi-1865 ukuba nasiphi na isakhiwo / isikhumbuzo esakhiwe e-US. Ukuzimela ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuba yiprojekthi edityanisiweyo yabemi baseFransi nabase-US baseUnited States.

Umongameli weli ngelo xesha uCalvin Coolidge wayibhala esidlangalaleni iSitambu seNkululeko njengenxalenye yeSitambu seLiberty National Monument ngonyaka ka-1924. Esi sakhiwo saye sandiswa ukuze sithathe i-Ellis Island ngonyaka ka-1965. I-Liberty kunye ne-Ellis Island zidityanisiwe kwaye zibandakanyiwe kwi UBhaliso lweLizwe lweeNdawo zeMbali.

Elinye lawona maxesha anebhongo kubantu baseMelika kuxa i IStatue of Liberty yabhengezwa njengendawo yeLifa leMveli leHlabathi ye-UNESCO ngonyaka we-1984. Kuyo Inkcazo yeNkcazo, I-UNESCO ichaze ngokukhethekileyo ilitye lesikhumbuzo njenge ubugcisa bomoya womntu ukuba inyamezela njengophawu olunamandla kakhulu-ukucamngca, ingxoxo kunye noqhanqalazo-yemibono efana nenkululeko, uxolo, amalungelo oluntu, ukupheliswa kobukhoboka, idemokhrasi kunye nethuba. . Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqinisa ilifa lomqondiso kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ubume kunye noyilo loMfanekiso weNkululeko

Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo woYilo lweNkululeko Uyilo lwaqanjwa ngumkroli waseFransi uFrédéric Auguste Bartholdi

Ngelixa isakhiwo sesikhumbuzo siyinto emangalisa, bubuchule kunye nengqiqo eya ekudaleni iSitatimende seNkululeko into engaphaya kwengqondo eqhelekileyo yomntu. Kukholelwa ukuba ubuso bomfanekiso oqingqiweyo busekelwe kumama womyili. Umele isithixokazi saseRoma uLibertas. Kwisandla sakhe sasekunene, ubambe itotshi yobulungisa ekhanyisiweyo ephakanyiswe phezulu ngokuchasene nomoya ngelixa ubuso bakhe kunye nokuma kwakhe kujonge ngasemazantsi-ntshona. Lo mfanekiso umi ubude obuziimitha ezingama-305 (iimitha ezingama-93) ukuphakama okubandakanya isiseko sawo, kwisandla sakhe sasekhohlo, uLibertas uphethe incwadi ephethe umhla wokwamkelwa kweSibhengezo seNkululeko (ngoJulayi 4, 1776).

Itotshi ekwisandla sakhe sasekunene imalunga neemitha ezingama-29 (8.8 yeemitha) ukusuka kwincam yedangatye ukuya kuwo wonke umqheba womqheba. Itotshi nangona ifikeleleka ngeleli ubude obuziimitha ezingama-42 (i-12.8 yeemitha) ehamba ngengalo yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo, ngoku ayivumelekanga kuluntu ukusukela ngo-1886 ngenxa yomntu ozibulalayo kule ndawo. I-elevator ifakwe ngaphakathi kwelitye lesikhumbuzo elithwala iindwendwe ukuya kwindawo yokujonga ekhoyo kwi-pedestal. Le ndawo inokufikelelwa ngezinyuko ezijikelezayo ezakhiwe ngaphakathi kumbindi womfanekiso oqingqiweyo ukuya kwiqonga lokujonga elikhokelela kwisithsaba somfanekiso. I-plaque ekhethekileyo efunyenwe kumnyango we-pedestal ibhalwe ngokufunda i-sonnet IColossus eNtsha nguEmma Lazaro. I-sonnet yabhalelwa ukunceda ukunyusa imali yokwakhiwa kwe-pedestal. Ifundeka ngolu hlobo:

Akunjalo njengengxilimbela yobhedu yodumo lwamaGrike,
Ngemilenze eyoyisayo ihambela emhlabeni;
Apha kumasango ethu ahlanjwe elwandle, amasango okutshona kwelanga aya kuma
Umfazi onamandla enetotshi, odangatye lakhe
Ngaba umbane ovalelweyo, kunye negama lakhe
Umama wabagxothwa. Ukususela kwisandla sakhe
Ukukhanya kwamkelekile kwihlabathi jikelele; amehlo akhe anobulali ayalela
Ichweba elinebhulorho yomoya elimiswe yimizi emibini.
“Gcinani, mazwe amandulo, ubungangamsha benu! uyalila yena
Ngemilebe ethe cwaka. “Ndinike ukudinwa kwakho, amahlwempu akho,
Izihlwele zakho ezixineneyo zilangazelela ukuphefumla simahla,
Inkunkuma elusizi elunxwemeni lwakho.
Thumela aba, abangenamakhaya, isivuthuvuthu-moya kum,
Ndiphakamisa isibane sam ecaleni komnyango wegolide! ”

IColossus eNtsha nguEmma Lazaro, ngo-1883

Ubusazi: ISifanekiso seNkululeko sabonwa okokuqala yiBhodi ye-Lighthouse yase-US, njengesebenzela injongo yendlu yesibane inceda oomatiloshe kuncedo lokuhamba ngenqanawa? Ekubeni iFort Wood yayisesisikhundla soMkhosi esisebenza ngokupheleleyo, uxanduva lokubonelela ngeemfuno zomfanekiso oqingqiweyo lwatshintshelwa kwiSebe leMfazwe ngowe-1901.

Ngo-1924, ilitye lesikhumbuzo labhengezwa njengesikhumbuzo sesizwe kwaye ngonyaka ka-1933 ulawulo lwalo mfanekiso lwafakwa phantsi kweNkonzo yePaki yeSizwe. Uya kumangaliswa ukwazi ukuba ngenxa yobude obuphakamileyo beSitatimende seNkululeko, kusemngciphekweni wokududuma kunye nemibane. Asiyonyaniso engaziwayo ukuba umfanekiso ubethwa ngumbane malunga namaxesha angama-600 ngonyaka kwaye wonakaliswe ngaphambili ngenxa yomoya onamandla kunye neendudumo.

Ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yesi-2, isandla somfanekiso oqingqiweyo ophethe itotshi sonakaliswa ngenxa yemfazwe kwaye kamva sakhiwa ngokutsha ngurhulumente wase-USA. Ekuqaleni umbala weSitatimende seNkululeko wawungekho luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ngenxa yobhedu olusabela kunye neoksijini ekhoyo emoyeni ekuhambeni kwexesha, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wajika waba bluish. Ukuphakama kweSitatimende seNkululeko kuphawulwe ukuba yi-46.5 m (phezulu kwesiseko kwitotshi), 92.99 m (umhlaba ukuya kwitotshi) kunye ne-33.6 m (ukusuka kwisithende ukuya phezulu kwentloko).

Ubusazi: Imimoya enamandla kune-50 mph inokubangela ukuba umfanekiso weNkululeko ujiwuze ngee-intshi ezi-3! Kwaye itotshi ebanjwe esandleni sasekunene inokuguquguquka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-intshi ezi-6! Ngaba asiyompambano loo nto ukuba umfanekiso oqingqiweyo onobunzima obufikelela kwi-250,000 lbs.(iitoni ezili-125) unokude ushukume!

Uphawu

Njengoko igama ngokwalo libonisa, iSitatimende seNkululeko okanye iNkululeko Ekhanyisa iHlabathi luphawu lwenkululeko ngokumfanisa ngumfazi obambe itotshi phezulu. Izikhonkwane ezisixhenxe kwisithsaba seLibertas zibonisa ukomelela kunye nomanyano lwamazwekazi asixhenxe kunye neelwandle ezisixhenxe zehlabathi. .

Injongo yokwakhiwa komfanekiso wenkululeko yayikukubhengeza uxolo phakathi kweUnited States neFransi. Yayisisipho esivela kubantu baseFransi kubantu base-United States bekhumbula ubuhlobo obabakho emva kwemfazwe. Ukuba uyaqaphela, umlenze womfanekiso oqingqiweyo awunamakhamandela kwaye usuka kude namatyathanga akhiwe ngononophelo ajikeleze iinyawo zeLibertas ukuya ezantsi kwelitye lesikhumbuzo. Uyaphambuka kwingcinezelo nakugonyamelo lweemfazwe, kubalawuli, kwintiyo, yaye uyazikhulula kulo lonke uhlobo lomkhethe.

Ukukhanya kwetotshi kufuneka kuhlale kukhokela, kufuneka kuhlale kungena kuzo zonke iikona zehlabathi kwaye kukhanyise ubumnyama obusibekeleyo. Njengoko udumo lweSitatimende seNkululeko lwakhula, abafuduki kunye nababaleki baqala ukunxulumana nomfanekiso njengomqondiso owamkelayo, njengombonakalisi wokufudumala, ukulingana, ubunye kunye nobuzalwana. Kungekudala yaqala ukubonwa njengomfanekiso oqingqiweyo owamkela kwaye wamkela kungekuphela nje abantu base-USA naseFransi kodwa nabemi abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Umyalezo ucacile ukuba uMfanekiso weNkululeko awuboni uhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi, inkolo, udidi, isini okanye naluphi na ucalucalulo olwaphula injongo yomanyano. Uwagcinile amalungelo oluntu.

Uyolo lwabakhenkethi

Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo weLiberty Ellis Island Lo mfanekiso umi kwiSiqithi saseLiberty, kumgama nje ongephi ukusuka e-Ellis Island, kwikhaya le-Ellis Island Museum of Immigration.

ISitatimende seNkululeko sithandeka kwisiqithi esiziihektare ezili-12 eLower Manhattan kwaye ayisoyona ndawo yaziwayo nedumileyo emhlabeni, kodwa ikwabizwa ngokuba yindawo enomtsalane kakhulu indawo abakhenkethi abandwendwela kuyo kwaye bafunde ngembali , ukubaluleka kunye nokubaluleka kweLiberty Island kunye nokuphonononga iimyuziyam kunye neminye imiboniso efanelekileyo kwisiqithi. Ukuba unomdla wokufumana amava emfundo anzulu malunga nesikhumbuzo, unokufumana izinto ezininzi ezimnandi kunye nezinto ezinomdla onokuthi uzenze kwiSitatimende seNkululeko nakwisiqithi.

Umboniso weSitatimende seNkululeko umi kumgangatho wesibini wesiseko esakhiwe ngaphakathi kwiSitatimende kwaye ubonisa ingqokelela enkulu yeefoto, ushicilelo oluthengiweyo ngononophelo olunxulumene nesikhumbuzo kunye nesiqithi kunye nezinto ezithile zobugcisa ezibalisa ibali lokwakhiwa kwesikhumbuzo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ngokusebenzisa. ikhondo lembali.

Imiboniso iquka ukuYilwa komfanekiso oqingqiweyo, ukuNyuswa kweNgxowa-mali eMelika ukuze kugcinwe lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo kunye nezinye iinjongo zobuntu, i-Pedestal kunye neCentury of Souvenirs. Wonke umntu unokufikelela kule ndawo yomboniso, akukho ntlawulo ihlawuliswayo. ISikhululo soLwazi lweeNdwendwe sinemifanekiso yeencwadana ezininzi, iimephu kunye nezikhumbuzo ezinxulumene nelifa lesikhumbuzo kwaye sikwabonisa abakhenkethi ingxelo emfutshane ethetha ngokwenziwa koMfanekiso weNkululeko.

Ungaya kule ndawo ukuze uchithe ixesha elisemgangathweni ufunda kwaye ungafundi iinyani malunga nenye yezona zikhumbuzo kuthethwa ngazo kwihlabathi. Unokuqokelela iincwadana kunye nezikhokelo zokucwangcisa ixesha lakho olichitha kwiLiberty Island kwaye ube nemibuzo yakho enomdla malunga nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo ophendulwa ngabasebenzi abakhoyo kwisiza.

Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nembali yetotshi edumileyo ehlala ikhanya ebanjwe ngokuzinzile nguLady Libertas ngokundwendwela icandelo loMboniso weTotshi. Umboniso apho ubonisa ingqokelela etyebileyo yeekhathuni, imizobo, iifoto, imizobo, imizobo, imizobo, imizobo, imizobo kunye neefoto zetotshi ezihamba phantsi kwembali yesikhumbuzo. UMboniso weTotshi ibekwe kwibalcony yomgangatho wesibini yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo.

Unokukhetha ukuthatha uhambo olukhokelwayo lwePromenade kunye noKhenketho lweObservatory ukonwabela umbono oqaqambileyo weSitatimende seNkululeko kunye neNew York Harbour. Uya kukwazi ukubona isakhelo sangaphakathi soMfanekiso ukusuka kwindawo esondeziweyo kwaye ufunde malunga nezithintelo zoMfanekiso. Uhambo lwakho esiqithini lunokuhlala ukuya kwimizuzu engama-45 kwaye ishedyuli yemihla ngemihla ihlaziywa kwiZiko leNgcaciso yabatyeleli.

Ukhenketho olukhokelwa ngumgadi kwiLiberty Island lusimahla. Yazi ukuba ummandla wetotshi awuvumelekanga ukuba ungandwendwela uluntu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yokhuseleko loluntu kunye nezinye iimfuno, isithsaba somfanekiso sikwangaphakathi kwendawo engavumelekanga.

FUNDA NGOKUGQITHISILEYO:
Ikhaya kwiipaki zelizwe ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane ezisasazeke kuwo onke amazwe alo angamashumi amahlanu, akukho ludwe lukhankanya iipaki ezininzi ezothusayo eUnited States ezinokuze luphelele. Funda ngazo kwi Isikhokelo soKhenketho kwiiPaki zeSizwe eziDumileyo eMelika


I-Visa yase-ESTA yase-US sisigunyaziso sokuhamba nge-elektroniki okanye imvume yokuhamba ukutyelela eUnited States kangangexesha elithile ukuya kutsho kwiintsuku ezingama-90 kwaye undwendwele lo mmangaliso umangalisayo eNew York, eUnited States. Iindwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka zibe ne-US ESTA ukuze zikwazi ukutyelela eUnited States ezininzi ezinomtsalane. Abemi bamazwe angaphandle bangenza isicelo Isicelo seVisa yaseMelika kwimizuzu nje embalwa. Inkqubo ye-ESTA Visa iyazenzekelayo, ilula, kwaye ikwi-intanethi ngokupheleleyo.

Abemi baseCzech, Abemi baseDatshi, Abemi bamaGrike, kunye Abemi baseLuxembourg unokufaka isicelo kwi-Intanethi ye-Visa yase-US.